After this Virtual Grand Round, participants should be able to: 1. Identify the different types of anorectal malformations, 2. Understand the clinical spectrum of Hirschsprung disease, 3. Understand what a newborn might have on presentation or on physical exam which should prompt a surgical referral and discuss what those surgical interventions might be, 4. Understand which types of patients have fecal incontinence and describe the key aspects of medical management of functional constipation. [Recorded 03/03/2023]

After this Virtual Grand Round, participants should be able to: 1) Understand the prognostic significance of elevated INR in injured children, 2) Understand the time frame for the development of coagulopathy, and 3) Describe the potential advantages of whole blood in resuscitation. [Recorded 10/06/2023]

After this Virtual Grand Round, participants should be able to: 1. Describe the importance of perioperative anxiety in the pediatric population and the different therapies available to decrease its impact during induction of Anesthesia, 2. Discuss the potential risks or benefits of parental presence during induction of anesthesia in the operating room, 3. Recognize the importance of adequate screening for parental and child perioperative anxiety levels and the impact during induction of anesthesia, and 4. Analyze the impact parental presence in the operating room has on hospital/care satisfaction surveys and recognize the potential impact these have on hospital funding. [Recorded 10/4/2024]